Out of curiosity, who is your host/bandwidth provider? Is this a new occurrence or has it happened in the past? Is there any pattern to the time of day? And have you done any PHPi-FPM tuning to the servers?
Host/bandwidth provider: Contabo
This issue has emerged recently (specifically after switching to AlmaLinux 9). All of these servers were either reformatted and reinstalled recently or are brand-new servers that were set up from scratch.
At first, I thought the problem stemmed from using CloudFlare, but the same issue occurs on sites that do not use CloudFlare.
I haven't identified a specific time interval; the problem seems to occur at completely random times.
I do not believe the standard adjustments I make to the PHP-FPM .ini files are causing this issue (I generally increase values like `max_execution_time`, etc., and I have been applying these same settings for years).
The fact that the issue affects all PHP-FPM versions suggests that the root cause lies elsewhere.
Also, when I check via SSH, I see there is no issue accessing the reCAPTCHA servers.